By Sellina Nkowani
Although the objective of the
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) is definitive, most of
them lack both practical and technical methods of implementation.
The INDCs combine the top-down
system of a United Nations climate agreement with bottom-up system in elements
through which countries put forward their agreements in the context of their
own national circumstances, capabilities and priorities, within the ambition to
reduce global greenhouse gas emissions enough to keep global temperature rise
to 2 degrees Celsius.
Touted as most ambitious climate
action plans, most INDCs from data and tool scarce countries of Africa do not
have clear means of implementation. This, according to a group of experts who
have analysed them, is the deterring factor in achieving mitigation targets in
relation to land use and agriculture.
Speaking during the side event at
the Africa Pavilion of the COP21 conference in Paris, Dr. Youba Sokona who is
Vice Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said that
climate data is important in addressing climate change.
Making his presentation on
harnessing mitigation and adaptation and co-benefits in INDCs, Alexander
Meybeck of FAO said that most countries have not included adaptation in their
INDCs especially countries in Annex I while most African countries have
included adaptation and agriculture.
According to the assessment of the
INDCs, Meybeck said in adaptation most countries mention that the most
vulnerable sectors are agriculture, water and ecosystems.
"As a means of achieving their
goals, out of the 122 parties, 113 mention agriculture while 98 percent mention
forestry and land use change as tool for addressing climate change. Forests and
land use are often attached to agriculture," he said.
Eric Toensmier of Perennial
Solutions said Carbon Farming is one tool that can be used to reduce Greenhouse
Gas emissions.
Carbon farming helps captures and
hold carbon in vegetation and soils. It is one way of managing land, water,
plants and animals to meet the Triple Challenge of Landscape Restoration, Climate
Change and Food Security.
Parties to the UNFCCC have submitted
their climate action pledges that aim to cut down greenhouse gas emissions.
The INDCs not only contain steps
taken towards emission reductions, but also aim to address steps taken to adapt
to climate change impacts, and what support the country needs or will provide
to address climate change.
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