Vehicular emissions are becoming alarming
in cities of developing economies like Ghana, where an average of
150,000 vehicles are registered annually, according to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing
Authority (DVLA).
Some of these cars are new from the
factory, but the majority is marketed fairly used or damaged in their countries
of origin, mostly from the European or American economies.
These used cars are often auctioned as
salvage and sold through dealerships in countries like Ghana.
An ensuing debate is which type of vehicle –
new or old – contributes most to environmental pollution and global warming?
“The
energy and pollution created by building a new vehicle is far greater than repairing
and restoring an existing vehicle. So from a green standpoint, repairing a car
and putting them back on the road is much more environmentally friendly,”
argued Dan Oscarson of the Insurance Auto Auctions (IAA) in the USA, a company
that specializes in selling lightly damaged and repairable vehicles to buyers
all over the world.
Most cars run on petroleum, a fossil fuel. Emissions
produced by motor vehicles occur when the internal combustion engines release
substances considered pollutants and unhealthy to humans and the environment.
Two major concerns associated with
car exhaust emissions are the emissions of various types which contribute to
urban air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases which contribute to
climate change.
For
a developing country, affording a brand new vehicle is a luxury to majority of
the population. But does this economic determinant makes used cars
environmentally better than new ones?
Sayeed
Iddi, an Operations Manager at Toyota Ghana, disagrees, though he acknowledges
the high energy required in producing a new car.
According
to him, “vehicles are made for specific areas and they
are made with the mind that emissions and everything are taken into
consideration, and emission is all about the exhaust coming from engines; so if
the engine is not working properly , it increases emissions.”
He noted that some new cars are fitted with
components that convert carbon dioxide and others into gases that are rather
friendly to the environment.
Mr. Oscarson also states that the
auctioned vehicles were “registered by an owner in the United States and met
all of the emission and safety requirements required for automobiles in the
United States and then sustained some physical damage.”
He
therefore concludes that “repairing cars is really the ultimate recycling
story; extending life by 15-20 years on many of these vehicles is a very
environmentally friendly situation”.
For
a country which does not produce vehicles, it would be important for Ghana to
concentrate on establishing a vehicular emission reduction programme to set
standards for the motoring public.
Mr.
Iddi, therefore, insists car owners in advanced economies are disposing off
their old cars to avoid high taxes for high exhaust emissions.
“Once
the car begins to grow a bit older, then they begin to charge you more because
as it grows your emission grows, that is when they dispose them off and they
sell them out here [Ghana] cheaply”, he observed.
The
DVLA has indicated it will soon start an emission test on vehicles in Ghana to
ensure they emit acceptable levels of carbon.
This
forms part of a mechanism to reduce carbon emission
and also in
line with the Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) strategy to help mitigate the impact of climate
change on Ghanaians.
Story by Kofi Adu Domfeh
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